Effect of Cadmium on Antioxidant Metabolic Modulations in Heart and Muscle of Female Rabbits

Disturbance in pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant systems and oxidative challenges of cadmium induced altering the antioxidant system in both heart and muscle tissue of female rabbits were studied. The cadmium induced oxidative stress leads to the tissue destruction by the elevated free radicals by suppression of antioxidant scavenger system. The imbalance between the free radicals and scavenger antioxidants leads to the tissue damage caused by the free radicals and peroxidants in rabbits. The present findings suggest that cadmium induction decreased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is observed in both tissues like myocardial heart and muscle of rabbits over control rabbits. The decreased SOD activity on induction of cadmium envisages reduced neutralization of superoxide anions which might leads to cause an increase in superoxide radicals. The Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly inhibited in both heart and muscle on induction of cadmium. The rate of inhibition was maximum in heart myocardial tissue than in muscle when compared to control. Suppressed Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in both heart and muscle tissues by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity on induction of cadmium. Decreased XOD can be envisaged that the XOD probably inter converting into xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme either by reversible sulphydryl oxidation or by irreversible photolytic modification. We concluded that the cadmium toxicity could have induced oxidative damage in both heart and muscle by enhancing peroxidation of membrane lipids by inducing inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes.